“I really want to lose weight” or “I’m trying to lose weight” are not entirely accurate statements , I hope what you mean is that you want to lose fat. There is a difference you see, between fat loss and weight loss.

With fat loss you generally end up healthier, feeling better, looking better and having better body composition, all good things from a health and fitness perspective right?

Weight loss on the other hand, although it includes fat-loss, also incorporates such things as muscle loss, water loss, glycogen depletion as well. None of which will really leave you any better off from a health and fitness perspective even though the weight on your scales might have changed. In fact, if you really want to lose weight in a hurry, I would suggest you book yourself in for a leg amputation, that’ll bring the weight on the scales down in a hurry (sense the tone here – I’m not actually suggesting any amputations go down, okay? Good).

Muscle and Fat

Consider this example, two people who are the same weight and same height, one is 15% body fat and the other is 30% body fat. On paper, based on weight, they are the same, right? In reality though they are going to appear very very different. A large part of this is due to the fact that muscle is denser than fat, so it takes up less space for the same amount of weight as fat would. This is one of the reasons why the weighing scales can be so misleading in terms of progress. If for example I am 80kg and I go ahead and start a weight training program and eating well, after 12 weeks I lose 5kg of fat and build 5kg of muscle, all of a sudden my body composition is better, I’m leaner, I look better, my clothes are looser in the right places BUT the weight on the scales is still the same…it’s hard to trust the scales to show you how your body is improving, it’ll only show you weight lost, not fat in isolation and believe me this is all you want to know about (as with everything there are exceptions). I’ll mention some better markers of progress later and how to make the scales your friend.

Having Muscle is Great!

There is a tendency for a lot of females to shy away from trying to build more muscle when looking to get into better shape or have a better body. There is some fear that the act of moving away from the brightly-coloured dumbbells will somehow make them massive and bulky, devoid of all femininity, overnight. This is a topic for another blog post but for now just know that: 1) it won’t – your physiology doesn’t work that way, I promise, and 2) having more muscle is great!

Here’s why:

The more muscle you have, the higher your resting metabolic rate (RMR) i.e the number of calories you burn by doing nothing at all, simply, you can eat more as a result.

Maintaining muscle mass is important for longevity and functionality in old age and is a major determinant of independence in later life. It’s not just about having big aesthetic muscles, it’s about being able to do day-to-day tasks without difficulty.
We begin to gradually lose muscle mass as we age, roughly after the age of 40, this is called sarcopenia and is a big factor in frailty and lack of independence in the elderly so it makes sense to keep as much as we can so we can stay strong and independent.

So if you don’t discriminate between fat loss and weight loss you could go on a low-calorie diet and do lots of cardio and put yourself into a large caloric deficit, sure you’d lose weight but a good proportion of it would be muscle loss as well as fat, which I hope you can see now is not a good thing.

“Brian, I see the light now, I don’t want to lose any muscle, how do I keep it while still losing fat?! Help!”

Glad to hear it. Now while some muscle loss while attempting to lose fat in a calorie deficit is inevitable, just like some fat gain is inevitable while in a calorie surplus to gain muscle, you can give yourself the best chance by:

1) Eating sufficient protein, 1.5-2g/kg of body weight depending on your goals

and,

2) Keep doing something that resembles strength training/intense resistance training to keep stimulating your muscles so that your body says “shit he keeps trying to pick this heavy thing up, God’s knows why? We better hold onto this muscle in case he tries to do it again soon!”

There’s more to it than this of course but if you do the above you’re off to a great start.

Fad diets and other factors that affect weight loss

Glycogen: This is how carbohydrates are stored in the body as energy reserves. Glycogen stores are found in the muscles and the liver. Each unit of glycogen has 3-4 units of water attached to it. So if you stop eating carbs, you’ll use up your glycogen and the associated water. This is one of the reasons low carb diets produce seemingly rapid weight loss early on but it’s not actually meaningful fat loss. Your weight will jump back up once you start refilling your glycogen again.

‘Teatoxes’: Many of these teas contain laxatives or diuretics which will cause weight loss yes, but for the wrong reasons…

Menstrual Cycle: Depending on the week of your cycle you’re in you can tend to retain more or less water, so you’ll appear heavier but remember it’s transient water weight, not fat. Follow the lads over at ‘Triage Method‘ for more on this sort of thing.

Stress: If you’re stressed out with higher levels of cortisol you can tend to hold more water and appear to be plateuded in terms of fat loss. Again, it’s just water weight , but stress management is a big factor in fat loss as well so it’s a good idea to try keep a handle on it.

Time of day, whether you’ve eaten or drunk, gone to the bathroom etc. All these factors play a role , which is why if you are weighing yourself as a measure of progress you want to control for as many variables as possible. So do it first thing in the morning after you wake up and go to the bathroom.

“Screw you scales! I’m gonna use these ways to measure my progress from now on!”

Progress photos: These are probably the best option to track progress, in the mirror you won’t notice the subtle changes day-to-day but photos taken 2-4 weeks apart will show off your hard work for sure.

Measurements: Positive body composition changes will be fairly evident when you consider things like waist circumferences or circumferences of the upper arms, legs or chest.

How your clothes fit: Need to start wearing a belt with your old jeans? T-shirt feeling tight around the chest and shoulders but looser around the midsection? Able to rock that dress now? These are all fine measures of progress.

Body-fat Percentage: While this might seem to be a good option considering we’re focused on losing fat, it can be a hard one to get right. The best and most accurate measures of body fat like underwater weighing and DEXA scans are fairly impractical and inaccessible generally. Skin fold calliper measurements are okay but you should get them done under the same conditions every time, by the same person. And it’s still just a number

Performance: Are you getting stronger in the gym or better at whatever activity it is you do? Great job! That’s progress, it’s not just all about how you look remember…

Sense of well-being: Are you feeling healthier or happier generally? Loving the process. That sense of comfort in your own skin? Don’t forget to include the mental progress as well as the physical, that shit is most important!

Weighing Scales: Okay so I know I’ve spent a good bit of time bashing the scales in this post BUT if you do want to use it, here is a better weigh (see what I did there..) than an arbitrary weigh-in once a week or so on a random day. If you want to use the scales, my advice would be to weigh yourself daily , yes daily, every morning as I mentioned earlier and then keep a record of your weight over time and see how it’s trending. Notice how it’s trending over the course of a few weeks or a month and compare that to your goals. Daily fluctuations are going to be a regular occurrence, you might be up some days, no change for some and then a drop, or any combination depending on how you’re eating so that’s why you need to get a bigger picture perspective of it.

By Bodyfirst Nutritionist Brian Ó HÁonghusa

December Damage Control Guide: Alcohol

The silly season is upon us which generally means a lot of good times to be had catching up with family and friends, parties and lots opportunities for a social drink…or 10. Here are some tips for approaching a time which for most people usually entails a lot of extra alcohol consumption without it accumulating around your waistline.
Remember gram for gram alcohol contains almost twice as much calories as carbohydrates or protein and almost as much as a gram of fat.

1) Choose lower calorie beverages. Here are some general calorie contents of commonly consumed drinks:
– Pint of beer or cider = ~200 Calories
– Glass (175mL) of wine = ~160 Calories
– Measure of spirits = ~70 Calories
– Measure of spirits + sugary mixer (e.g. Vodka and Coke) = ~180 Calories
– Cocktail – 150 to 250 Calories depending on the ingredients.
So as you can see, depending on what your choice of drink is, you can very quickly rack up a huge amount of calories on a typical night’s drinking. The best bet from a calorie standpoint is to go for spirits and low calorie mixers such as gin and slimline tonic or vodka and diet coke and don’t make beers and sugary cocktails the basis of your drinking choices. And then there’s the 4am kebab and chips, which brings us onto tip number 2…

2) Avoid the delicious salty, greasy thing. This is where a lot of the excess calories that’ll push you into gaining fat come from, it’s the end of the night, you’re hungry because your blood sugar is low and craving something salty (and usually fatty) because you’re low on minerals and electrolytes, again, alcohol induced. So you can easily add on another 500-1000 Calories in McDonalds at the end of the night, combine that with he booze you might have had earlier and some people will easily be at their daily limit just from food and drinks on the night. So this is a big one to nail if you’re trying to mitigate the potential damage, if you must have something, have something small and preferably a source of protein, like a burger vs just chips, or dare I say it, a protein bar?

3) Plan for and account for the boozing, this is a big one. If you know you have a night coming up, which you usually do, then plan for it in the coming days. Reducing your fat and carbohydrate consumption for a few days beforehand will allow you ‘save’ some calories for the night itself so it doesn’t end up putting you in a massive calorie surplus. Then on the day stick to mostly lean proteins, vegetables, fruits, legumes – foods that are filling and satiating and nutritious without offering a big calorie bang. This is a simple one to implement and can make a huge difference if you have the awareness to do it.

4) Don’t let the recovery day do you in Hydrate before you go to bed (we love to use the Nuun electrolyte tabs), sleep in and show some restraint on ordering eighteen Dominos pizzas the next day. It helps to have some decent food already prepared ahead of the hangover so that you can eat that without having to move from the foetal position for too long to cook something for yourself. If you’re too written off and only the sound of the doorbell signalling food is here will cheer you up then make some smarter choices, a Chinese, Thai or Indian takeaway with meat, vegetables and rice or even fish and chips will do more for you than a large pizza and wedges and cookies.

So implement some of these practices and you’ll be able to really enjoy all the fun to be had this month without waking up in January wondering where it all went so horribly wrong!

by Bodyfirst nutritionist Brian Ó HÁonghusa

Go the F*** to Sleep: Why it’s important and 10 tips to improve it

by Bodyfirst Resident Nutritionist – Brian Ó’HÁonghusa

Why talk about sleep? The main reason is that getting good quality sleep is AS important as nutrition and exercise in helping to reach your fitness or health goals. Yet, sleep does not seem to get as much emphasis as a priority as the other two. Not surprisingly the three are interlinked and sleep can strongly affect your nutrition and exercise performance and vice versa.

Poor sleep, both in terms of quality (how well you sleep) and duration (how many hours you spend asleep) is a major risk factor for obesity and weight gain. This is not so surprising when you learn that poor sleep means you tend to make worse food choices, are generally hungrier (your appetite and satiety hormones don’t work as well in a sleep-deprived state), impairs tolerance to carbohydrates to such an extent that after only a few days of sleep restriction (4 hours a night for 6 nights in the study in question) healthy adults showed symptoms of prediabetes. This means that if you’re chronically getting less sleep than you should you are at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Not getting enough sleep will also mean you have less motivation to exercise and won’t be able to perform as well at your chosen activity. Getting enough sleep also boosts immune function in a major way and greatly increases your ability to fight off infections. Get colds a lot? Are you getting enough sleep?

Sleep also has a huge role to play in emotional and mental wellbeing too. Think about a time where you had a really great nights sleep. You were probably in a great mood and were more productive, you might have smashed your training session that day as well because you were full of energy and you were motivated to eat good nutritious foods. The science supports this as well, poor sleeping patterns are linked to depression and reduced ability to process emotional information and read social cues as well as concentration and focus. Your brain likes it when you sleep enough!

Invariably then the question arises, ‘how much is enough?’ This depends on the person but most people fall into the range of 7-9 hours being the best. There are some people who are fine with getting only 5 or 6 hours a night but these are in the minority, do not assume you are one of them!

I understand it might not be so easy to get this much sleep every night. We all have lives and things going on, stressful jobs, needing to work long hours, having to take care of young children or other family members, the list goes on. All I’m hoping to do here is to highlight how important it really is for your health to get adequate and good quality time in bed so that you might consider how you can make it more of a priority, rather than leave it as an afterthought or the first thing to get sacrificed on a busy day.

So with that in mind I put out a series of daily sleep tips on our Snapchat @teambodyfirst last week so that you might be able to maximise your sleep quality and duration when you do decide to go to bed. The tips are outlined below, first in a list for those of you who just want to take the tips and run with them or who had been following them on Snapchat and just want a re-cap. For anyone that’s interested I’ll detail a bit more about why each tip makes the list further on. Some of these tips and changes are easier to implement than others but take as many on board as you can and I guarantee you’ll reap the benefits of a better night’s sleep.

Sleep Tips

1) Get these apps for using your screens in the evening. F.lux for computers, laptops, tablets. Twilight for android devices, latest versions of iOS can avail of ‘Night Shift’ mode. For older Iphone users (like me) consider getting ‘blublocker’ glasses to wear in the evening. Minimise your exposure to strong artificial light in the evening time to prevent ‘Ipad Insomnia’. In contrast make sure to get some natural light exposure during the daytime.

2) Sleep in a cave. Make your sleeping environment as dark as possible. Get a blackout blind (I got mine in Ikea) and turn off/cover up any sources of light in your room when in bed.

3) Exercise. But finish high intensity workouts at least 2-3 hours before bedtime. I don’t think sacrificing sleep time (if you’re not getting enough to start with) to get a workout in is a good idea.

4) If you can measure it you can manage it. Get the app Sleep Cycle (Iphone) or Sleep Cycle Alarm Clock (Android). This app is worth getting solely for the smart alarm but then there’s all of the other useful features. It is worth much much more than what it costs.

5) Have a wind-down routine before bed. Dedicate 30 mins or an hour if you can to get off your phone/computer/TV and try to unwind by doing activities such as stretching, foam rolling, deep breathing/meditation (I use the app Headspace – full version), have a bath (bonus points if you use epsom salts), drawing/colouring, reading from a book, listening to music etc.

6) Similar to #5, avoid stimulating activities right before bed. You won’t find it easy to fall asleep if you go straight from working/studying/watching certain TV/movies (comedy is a good choice though)/Playing video games to getting into bed and expecting to nod off right away. Take some time to chill and unwind.

7) Get up and go to bed at roughly the same time each day, even on weekends. Your body and your circadian rhythm loves routine.

8) Learn your tolerance to caffeine and other stimulants and establish a cut off point in the day for them. There’s no point in relying on caffeine to get you through the day because you had a shit night’s sleep because of all the caffeine you had during the day. Alcohol tends to reduce sleep quality as well. #4 can help you figure this out.

9) Save some of your carbohydrates and protein for the evening time. Amino acids in these types of foods help make serotonin, the ‘happy hormone’ which helps make melatonin which helps you fall asleep. Which is why you might feel sleepy and contented after a big carb meal. Don’t mind that ‘no carbs after 6pm’ bullshit.

10) Try using some of or a combination of these supplements. Magnesium (oral/topical creams or sprays/epsom bath), Valerian root extract, melatonin, 5HTP, Phenibut, L-theanine, phosphatidylserine. Consult a doctor beforehand especially if you are taking any medications.

And then in some more detail..

1) Minimise Artificial light exposure at night time
Exposing your eyes to artificial light at night time (especially the blue spectrum) tricks your body into thinking it’s still daytime. This disrupts the production of the hormone melatonin which your body naturally produces at night under normal circumstances to help you fall asleep. The apps mentioned above dim your screens and give them a slight orange hue which makes them far less disruptive to melatonin production so you can fall asleep easier. This is a really quick and easy option that makes a big impact so you should have no excuse not to do it. Similarly make sure you get some light exposure during the day, natural light preferably so that your Circadian rhythm is in sync and your body knows to produce melatonin later when it gets dark.

2) Make your sleeping environment as dark as possible
Eliminate sources of external light that might disrupt your sleep for the same reasons as #1. Get a blackout blind or something similar and cover up any other light sources that might come from TV’s (better yet don’t have them in your room) or other technology and make your room as pitch black as possible. If you can’t see your hand in front of your face when you’re in bed then you’re doing really well!

3) Get Active
Getting regular exercise is well known to help you get a better night’s sleep. Just be sure to finish up any hard workouts 2-3 hours before your bedtime. If you don’t have some time afterwards to cool down and relax your body will still be wired from the training session. It’s very hard to sleep when you’re still in ‘Fight or Flight’ mode, which is a good thing from an evolutionary perspective, having the urge to nap when running away from a sabre-tooth tiger wouldn’t have been ideal for our ancestors. So if you do train last thing in the evening have a hot shower or bath, when you get out your body temperature lowers a lot which makes it easier to fall asleep and consider doing a cool down incorporating some stretching and/or deep breathing after working out.

4) Get the app Sleep Cycle
Sleep Cycle is an app that tracks your quality of sleep and uses a ‘smart’ alarm to wake you up when you’re closest to being naturally awake. We have roughly 3 phases we go through during sleep: Light sleep, deep sleep and REM sleep. And a full sleep cycle consisting of the three lasts roughly 90 minutes. Sleep cycle tracks your movement in bed while you sleep and the alarm clock goes off when you’re most likely in a light sleep phase of sleep i.e when you’re moving around more (very little movement occurs in deep sleep or REM sleep) which leads to a gentle and comfortable awakening.

Have you ever been woken up by your alarm in the middle of deep sleep or while dreaming? You feel groggy and potentially like a fridge fell on you during the night, no? Sleep Cycle can help you avoid that. In addition to the smart alarm is tracks your sleep quality and duration and you can see how much time you spent in deep sleep during the night. You can also set up sleep notes to see how certain things affect your sleep quality ( the app will tell you this). For example I can see from mine if I have a coffee in the evening my sleep quality goes to shit, I might technically be asleep but I can see the next day on the app that I don’t get very much time in deep sleep.

5) Have a Wind-Down routine before bed
Your mind doesn’t work like a light switch, you can’t just turn it on or off, think of it more like a dimmer switch. So if you go straight from doing the things mentioned above or anything else that requires a lot of brainpower to getting into bed you won’t be ready to nod off. So spare as much time as you can before bed, 30 mins up to an hour would be ideal but 15 mins is better than nothing and do some relaxing activities that appeal to you.

Get off your phone and other screens (except to set up sleep cycle of course) and give yourself some ‘me time’ to relax and chill out, essentially preparing the mind and body for sleep. I personally like to use foam rolling and stretching and the guided sleep meditations provided by the app Headspace. This tip might be a bit trickier to implement as it requires finding more time in the day, which can seem very hard to do but it’s one that will really make a big impact if you can give it a shot.

6) Avoid stimulating activities before bed
This tip for the most part encompasses things that you are emotionally invested in or trigger emotions as well as activities requiring the mind to be ‘switched on’. Think about it, how ready for bed are you after watching Stranger Things on Netflix or seeing your favourite sports team get hockeyed, simultaneously losing you fifty quid or coming off a 47 death streak playing Call of Duty online, the answer is not very. Wrap up these sorts of activities well before bedtime as suggested in #5. And choose some more relaxing or positive ones instead.

7) Get into a regular sleep routine
Like I said above, your body loves routine and you’ll notice the difference if you start going to bed and getting up roughly at the same time on a consistent basis. A lot of this is driven by our natural Circadian Rhythm or ‘body clock’. You’ll notice it in action if you do get up at the same time every day and when you finally have an opportunity to sleep in, you don’t, you just wake up anyway at your usual time. There is usually some sort of disruption switching from the weekdays to the weekend when a lot of people use the weekend as an opportunity to sleep in and catch up on some of the sleep they lost during the week. While it is beneficial to pay something towards your ‘sleep debt’ in this manner you’ll feel much better if you consistently get enough during the week and only add maybe an hour more on the weekends if you need it.

8) Have a caffeine cut-off
In our workaholic sleep-deprived society we tend to use caffeine and other stimulants as a crutch to give us enough energy to get through the day. This is obviously by no means an ideal scenario. If you can kick the habit and instead make sleep a bit more of a priority then over time you’ll find you won’t need to abuse stimulants to get you through the day and while you might enjoy a few cups of coffee (guilty) you won’t be relying on it to get you through the day. Figure out after what time stimulants start to negatively affect your quality of sleep and then establish a cut-off time. For me it’s no caffeine after 3pm if I go to bed around 10.30 – 11.00 pm.

We all metabolise caffeine differently so it’s important to figure out what works for you as an individual. Some people will have it out of their system in a couple of hours, for others it could be half a day or longer if you keep adding to the caffeine that’s already in your system. So if you need to take pre-workout in the evening to get you through your workout and then can’t sleep because the caffeine keeps you awake and then you have to have loads of caffeine the next day to keep you awake and then repeat this cycle, yeah, don’t do that.

9) Eat some carbohydrates and protein in the evening
Consuming carbohydrates makes the amino acid tryptophan more available in the brain and protein rich foods provide this amino acid. In the brain it helps to release more serotonin which makes you feel content and happy and sleepy and serotonin is a precursor to melatonin , the hormone that helps you fall asleep. So you can take advantage of this by consuming a whole food protein and carbohydrate rich meal a few hours before bed. Consider shifting some of the carbs you would have at breakfast to the evening time and see if it helps you sleep better and go for a more protein and fats meal in the morning.

10) Use certain supplements to help you fall asleep and get a better night’s sleep
Magnesium – this essential mineral amongst over 300 other biological functions can help relax the nervous system and promote a better night’s sleep. Not all magnesium’s are created equally so opt for chelated forms like magnesium glycinate or aspartate or magnesium citrate. Avoid magnesium oxide, it has poor absorption in the body and can have laxative effects. You can also go for a topical magnesium cream or spray which you apply before bed or have a bath containing epsom salts. For oral supplements somewhere between 200 mg up to 1500 mg , depending on the type, 30-45 mins before bed should do the trick.

Valerian Root – The extract of this root can act as a natural sedative, helping you fall asleep. 500 mg – 1000 mg 30 mins before bed. With any of these supplements start at the lower dose and work up. In a minority of people valerian root can actually make you more awake so be aware of that.

Melatonin – The hormone we talked so much about already is also available in supplemental form. Unfortunately not over the counter in Ireland. It can be got in other parts of Europe and in the United States though. 1 mg up to 10 mg has been shown to work but more is not better so use the lowest dose possible to get the desired effect, 30 mins before bed. There isn’t any negative feedback loop associated with melatonin supplementation where taking the supplement reduces your natural production of it. It can be especially useful for shift workers or to overcome jet lag.

5HTP – Essentially supplemental tryptophan which we said earlier can help increase serotonin levels and therefore natural melatonin production. Like melatonin this isn’t freely available over the counter in Ireland. Typical doses range from 200 mg – 500 mg per day in the afternoon or evening. Consult a doctor beforehand if you are taking any medications or other drugs, this goes for all of the supplements mentioned but particularly for 5HTP.

Phenibut – Helps increase levels of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain which makes you feel calm and relaxed and promotes deeper sleep. 250 mg up to 1000 mg taken in the afternoon or evening. As always start with the lower dose. Can only be taken once or twice a week due to potential for withdrawal symptoms. Do not combine with alcohol.

L-Theanine – This amino acid found naturally in green tea also helps to increase GABA and help you feel calm and relaxed without being sedated. It can also help to take the jittery edge off caffeine if they are combined (this is why green tea doesn’t make you jittery like coffee might). 100 mg to 200 mg before bed to help improve sleep quality.

Phosphatidylserine – Can help reduce cortisol/stress levels and is critical for cognitive function. 200 mg with dinner and then another 200 mg before bed.

**If you have any questions on any of the above, please don’t hesitate to drop us an email to info@bodyfirst.ie